摇滚乐的演变

亚历杭德罗·卡特25年著

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Have you ever wondered where the rock 和 roll genre began, 和 where it's been over the years? Or maybe you've wondered who some of your favorite b和s' influences might be? Many modern b和s cite their biggest inspirations as being some of the most influential b和s 和 artists of the rock genre. 今天的摇滚乐, including all the various genres such as 迷幻 rock, 摇滚民谣, 坚硬的岩石, 金属, 难看的东西, classic rock 和 soft rock can be traced all the way back to the 1940s 和 the blues music of the South. 但是在50年代, artists took traditional blues 和 changed it up to how they saw fit, 创造摇滚.

查克贝瑞 is widely credited with being one of the most important forerunners of rock 和 roll. He pioneered a new 声音 that contradicted all the musical norms at the time, including two of his most iconic songs 和 rock 和 roll staples, “Rock 和 Roll Music” (Released September, 1957年)和Johnny B. 古德(1958年3月31日发布). If it weren't for 查克贝瑞’s contributions to the rock 和 roll genre, many artists 和 b和s would have most likely never been formed or become the influential legends we see them as today, 包括披头士乐队, 海滩男孩, 滚石乐队 和 artists like Elvis Presley 和 吉米·亨德里克斯. The butterfly effect of Berry’s influence is seen throughout all of rock as a whole. While Berry himself has had a troubled history with the law 和 abuse, his contributions to rock should not overlooked, as his influence on the genre is monumental.

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In Liverpool at the beginning of the 1960’s, 约翰·列侬, 保罗·麦卡特尼, George Harrison 和 Ringo Starr would come together to form 甲壳虫乐队. The formation of the b和 marks another one of the most important 和 influential moments in rock history. With them, 甲壳虫乐队 would cause hysteria all over Britain, also known as 披头士狂热, which would become an international phenomenon soon after. Throughout their short run of around 10 years of operation, 甲壳虫乐队 completely changed the music scene with their influence 和 pioneering of new musical styles, 例如, 甲壳虫乐队 are cited as being the pioneers of the 概念专辑 还有音乐录影带. 甲壳虫乐队 saw mass popularity during a time in music history known as the 英国入侵, 那里有许多乐队, artists 和 pop culture from Britain grew rapidly in popularity in the United States.

吉米·亨德里克斯, 另一位60年代的艺术家, is also credited with progressing the rock genre 和 the electric guitar, using styles 和 techniques such as "wah" 和 fuzz 踏板, 哪些没有被广泛使用, 和 new picking techniques on the guitar which Hendrix adapted from old Blues styles. These new 声音s helped Hendrix to st和 out from other artists, 和 maintain a significance in rock even to this day. Some of his most influential songs include "紫色的烟雾" 和 a cover of Bob Dylan's "All Along The Watchtower". Hendrix's life was tragically cut short at the age of 27, placing him in a unique group of artists along with Kurt Cobain, Janis Joplin 和 Jim Morrison known as the "27 Club", artists who all passed away at the age of 27.

吉米·亨德里克斯 和 甲壳虫乐队 weren’t the only artists who utilized their guitars 和 saw a boom in popularity during the 60s 和 early 70s. Another group which formed in California during the beginning of the decade were 海滩男孩. 海滩男孩 had their own musical style based around the 60s surf scene. 他们的第一首单曲，”Surfin””, would lead them to be signed by Capitol Records in 1962. However, their big hit would come in 1964 with the release of “I Get Around”. While 海滩男孩 wouldn’t have as many #1 singles as 甲壳虫乐队, they are still one of the most influential rock b和s of all time 和 created incredibly influential works, 其中一个例子是 宠物的声音, an album that is said to be one of the greatest of all time, 和 is even cited by 保罗·麦卡特尼 as being the inspiration for Sgt. 佩珀的孤独之心俱乐部乐队, which is also known as one of the greatest albums of all time.

While harder rock genres were growing in the 60s 和 70s, other forms of rock were growing. A 摇滚民谣 运动兴起于60年代. This genre uses acoustic instruments rather than the heavily distorted guitars of other rock genres, 和 it tends to focus more on classic American 和 British folk music, with a heavier focus on vocals 和 lyrical subject matter. Popular b和s 和 artists from this genre include 爸爸妈妈 & 的爸爸 还有西蒙和加芬克尔. Soft rock would also grow during this time, 与民谣摇滚有相似的特点, such as acoustic instruments 和 a focus on vocals. 爸爸妈妈 & 的爸爸' in particular recorded a very successful song, "加州梦”".

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The 70s saw a continuation from the late 60s 英国入侵 声音. Most notably, classic rock would continue to be developed by b和s 和 artists like Bob Dylan, 滚石乐队, who were seen as 'competitors' to 甲壳虫乐队, 和 other artists such as David Bowie. The 70s also saw the evolution of 坚硬的岩石 from b和s such as 和 AC/DC, Led Zeppelin 和 Aerosmith. Hard Rock is usually defined by heavily distorted electric guitars 和 loud vocals. Hard rock is commonly used in conjunction with 金属, 和 the two genres are frequently mixed up, but they do have differences that define each. 金属, 在70年代也开始增长, is typically a faster-pace genre than 坚硬的岩石 和 has long guitar solos.

艺术摇滚 和 迷幻 rock are two terms used loosely with each other to describe a genre of rock with a focus on instrumentation 和 somewhat bizarre concepts. 平克·弗洛伊德 深入研究 迷幻 声音 which would eventually become synonymous with their name. The 迷幻 声音 is usually categorized by a large use of electronic 声音s, feedback loops 和 experimental concepts.  In 1973 平克·弗洛伊德 released their biggest album 《月亮的阴暗面, which holds the record for the longest time any album stayed on the US Billboard top LPs 和 Tape chart, staying for a total of over 972 nonconsecutive weeks. Many artists are credited for popularizing this 声音, 有些是深红国王, The Doors 和 more recently Tame Impala.

从70年代到80年代, other artists 和 b和s came out with their takes on the rock genre, 比如布鲁斯·斯普林斯汀, Lynyrd Skynyrd, 女王, ZZ Top, 世卫组织, Electric Light Orchestra Steely Dan 和 Fleetwood Mac. All of these artists contributed to the rock genre, each with their own hit songs. 尤其是女王，“波西米亚狂想曲", a song with a style that had never been seen before 和 has yet to be replicated as successfully since. Lynyrd Skynyrd也发布了自由的鸟", a song with an almost five minute long guitar solo.

At the end of the 70s 和 the beginning 80s, pop rock was beginning to grow. The combination of the classic rock 声音s 和 new additions of catchy hooks 和 synths would merge rock with the 声音s of disco 和 pop 和 make another form of the classic genre. Artists who may fall under this genre include Prince, U2 和 Tears for Fears. These artists each created incredibly popular songs like “紫色的雨“王子，”有你或没有你U2乐队和每个人都想统治世界《恐惧的眼泪》.

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Throughout the 80s, many different b和s came 和 went. Most notably, there was a rise in popularity of 金属 b和s. 金属, 如上所述, is a genre of rock that has very heavily distorted guitars, 长吉他独奏和响亮的人声. Notable 金属 和 坚硬的岩石 b和s include KISS, 金属乐队, Megadeth, 黑色安息日, Van Halen 和 artists like Ozzy Osbourne. While the 金属 genre has been around since the 60s, it saw a large boost in popularity in the 80s. 金属 split off in to many different subgenres, the most notable genre of the 80s being hair 金属, a more pop 和 produced 声音 which saw a large boost in popularity throughout the USA.

Despite the hair 金属 b和s of the 80s showing no signs of stopping, a counterculture was growing out of Seattle 和 would explode in popularity at the beginning of the 90s, marking the end of the glamorous 金属 b和s. While many different names have been used to describe the genre, 难看的东西 is the most widely accepted 和 used term. A genre which has its roots in Seattle, WA, 难看的东西 is everything that the 金属 b和s of the 80s were not. It was rough, unproduced 和 far more underground. Some exceptionally notable 难看的东西 b和s include Nirvana, Soundgarden, Pearl Jam 和 Alice in Chains. 难看的东西 came at just the right time that it resulted in an explosion of popularity. 难看的东西 began to lessen in popularity by the mid 90s, around the time of Kurt Cobain's passing.

从90年代末到21世纪初, there were many different subgenres of rock that were formed, some examples being alternative rock 和 indie rock, which have seen major popularity into the 2010s. Successful b和s to come out of this time include Green Day, 电台司令, 二人组合the White Stripes, 喷火战机, 威瑟合唱团, 红辣椒和酷玩乐队. 最近, fewer b和s have been seen forming in mainstream music, rather there has been a rise of solo artists performing the instruments themselves or having a backing b和. As seen in a lot of genres such as pop 和 rap, using computers to digitally create instrumental tracks has also become popular. Solo artists 和 digitally composed tracks may lead to a decrease in traditional rock b和s, but the genre is growing more popular every day. With the introduction of streaming apps over the past few years, 和 b和s utilizing social media to get their names out, more people are able to discover new music. The next big names are just around the corner, 和 nothing can tell where the genre will be taken next.